Lisäaineiden vaikutus maissin käsittelyyn biokaasuprosessissa
Abstract
Biokaasun tuotanto energiakasveista on lupaava menetelmä uusiutuvan energian tuottami-seen. Yksipuolinen yhden kasvilajikkeen käyttö biokaasulaitoksen syötteenä saattaa kui-tenkin aiheuttaa hivenainepuutoksia biokaasureaktorissa. Hivenainepuutos häiritsee reakto-rin toimintaa erityisesti korkeilla kuormituksilla ja saattaa alentaa biokaasun tuotantoa.
Hivenaineet ovat prosessille tärkeitä, koska ne toimivat osana metanogeenisten arkkien
metaboliaa ja toimivat osana metanogeneesissä tärkeiden entsyymien kofaktoreita.
Tässä työssä tutkittiin kahden lisäaineen (A1 ja A2) vaikutusta kolmen pelkästään maissilla
syötetyn täyssekoitteisen puolijatkuvatoimisen täyssekoitteisen reaktorin (CSTR) toimin-taan. Reaktoreita operoitiin 35
o
C lämpötilassa 200 vuorokauden ajan. Työssä käytettiin
kolmea reaktoria, joista yhteen lisättiin lisäaine A1:tä, toiseen A2:ta ja kolmas toimi kont-rollireaktorina johon ei lisätty lisäainetta. Toinen käytetyistä lisäaineista (A1) sisälsi suola-happoa ja rautaa, kun toinen (A2) sisälsi näiden lisäksi viittä eri hivenainetta.
Kokeessa reaktori, johon oli lisätty A2:ta, toimi vakaammin kuin muut reaktorit. Tämä
näkyi erityisesti alhaisempina haihtuvien rasvahappojen (VFA) pitoisuuksina koeajojen
aikana ja korkeampana metaanintuottona verrattuna muihin reaktoreihin. Lisäaine A1 ei
parantanut reaktorin toimintaa. Lisäaine A2:n tehokkuus johtui todennäköisesti sen sisäl-tämistä hivenaineista, erityisesti nikkelistä ja koboltista, joiden on aiemmissa tutkimuksissa havaittu lisäävän anaerobiprosessin stabiilisuutta.
Production of biogas from energy crop is a promising method for production of sustainable energy. However, use of monosubstrate in anaerobic digestion can cause deficiency of trace nutrients in the reactor. Deficiency of tracenutrients can affect the process especially in higher load. Trace nutrients are important for the process because they have essential role in methanogens metabolic activity during methanogenesis and they are part of cofac-tors in enzymes involved in methanogenesis. In this work three continuously stirred reactors (CSTRs) were fed with maize as the only substrate and the effect of two additive solutions (A1 and A2) on reactors performance were evaluated. Reactors were operated in mesophilic (35 o C) temperature for 200 days. One of the reactors was fed with additive A1, one with additive A2 and the third was run as control reactor without additives. One of the additive solutions (A1) consisted from hy-drochloride acid and iron, whereas the other additive (A2) also included five trace metals. Reactor that was implemented with additive A2 seemed to operate more stable than the other reactors. This was shown as lower volatile fatty acids (VFA) and higher methane yield compared to other reactors during a period where all reactors pH and the amounts of volatile fatty acids increased. Additive A1 didn’t seem to increase reactors performance. One explanation for the good result of the A2 additive could be in the extra trace nutrients it has compared to A1, especially nickel and cobalt, because previous research has shown that they increase the stability of the process.
Production of biogas from energy crop is a promising method for production of sustainable energy. However, use of monosubstrate in anaerobic digestion can cause deficiency of trace nutrients in the reactor. Deficiency of tracenutrients can affect the process especially in higher load. Trace nutrients are important for the process because they have essential role in methanogens metabolic activity during methanogenesis and they are part of cofac-tors in enzymes involved in methanogenesis. In this work three continuously stirred reactors (CSTRs) were fed with maize as the only substrate and the effect of two additive solutions (A1 and A2) on reactors performance were evaluated. Reactors were operated in mesophilic (35 o C) temperature for 200 days. One of the reactors was fed with additive A1, one with additive A2 and the third was run as control reactor without additives. One of the additive solutions (A1) consisted from hy-drochloride acid and iron, whereas the other additive (A2) also included five trace metals. Reactor that was implemented with additive A2 seemed to operate more stable than the other reactors. This was shown as lower volatile fatty acids (VFA) and higher methane yield compared to other reactors during a period where all reactors pH and the amounts of volatile fatty acids increased. Additive A1 didn’t seem to increase reactors performance. One explanation for the good result of the A2 additive could be in the extra trace nutrients it has compared to A1, especially nickel and cobalt, because previous research has shown that they increase the stability of the process.
Main Author
Format
Theses
Master thesis
Published
2012
Subjects
The permanent address of the publication
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201302261270Use this for linking
Language
Finnish