Muscle hypertrophy and serum hormone concentrations during combined strength and endurance training vs. strength or endurance training only in middle aged and older women
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2008Jensen, Benjamin 2008. Muscle hypertrophy and serum hormone concentrations during
combined strength and endurance training vs. strength or endurance training only in
middle aged and older women. University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biology of
Physical Activity. Master’s thesis in Science of Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing. 70
pp.
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of strength
training only (2 x week), endurance training only (2 x week), and combined training (2
+ 2 x week) on muscle hypertrophy and serum hormone concentrations in middle-aged
and older women during 21 weeks of training.
Methods: 96 healthy, moderately active middle-aged and older women were assigned
to three training groups and a control group; 1) Strength training only (S, n = 27) 2 x
week, program included dynamic exercises that activate a large amount of muscle bulk
and increase energy metabolism. 2) Endurance training only (E, n = 26) 2 x week was
performed by bicycle ergometer, heart rate levels of endurance training were determined
by aerobic performance tests and monitored during training. 3) Combined strength and
endurance training (SE, n = 25), performed both E and S sessions. 4) Control group (C,
n = 18) was instructed to maintain their habitual physical activities which were
monitored by training diaries. Lean mass (LM) of the legs and arms was measured by
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and muscle thickness of several muscles by
ultrasound at weeks 0, 10, and 21. Serum basal hormone concentrations of several
anabolic hormones were measured at weeks -1, 0, 10, and 21.
Results: The S and SE groups showed significant increases in LM in both arms and
legs (S 1.6%, 1.4%, SE 2.1%, 4.0% respectively). All training groups showed
significant increases (p<0.05, p<0.001) in LM legs, but only the S and SE groups
showed increases in arms LM. S and SE groups showed the largest increases in muscle
thickness in all muscles measured, with the SE group having the largest gains in the legs
(vastus lateralis +vastus intermedius) 11.5%, biceps femoris long 8.3%) while the S
group had the largest increases in arms (triceps brachii 10.0%, biceps brachii 7.1%). All
training groups exhibited significant increases in serum testosterone (p<0.05, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Combined strength and endurance training by cycling may be more
effective than strength training alone for increasing muscle hypertrophy whether being
measured by DEXA or ultrasound in middle aged and older women.
...
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