How Relevant Are Risk Perceptions , Effort , and Performance Expectancy in Mobile Banking Adoption ?

This﻿ article﻿ provides﻿ a﻿ comprehensive﻿ overview﻿ of﻿ the﻿ adoption﻿ process﻿ using﻿ evidence﻿ from﻿ m-banking﻿adoption﻿in﻿Pakistan.﻿A﻿survey﻿design﻿was﻿used﻿and﻿189﻿responses﻿were﻿received﻿from﻿ across﻿Pakistan﻿and﻿analyzed﻿using﻿Smart﻿PLS﻿application.﻿Findings﻿suggest﻿that﻿research﻿on﻿the﻿ effect﻿of﻿risk﻿in﻿the﻿adoption﻿process﻿remains﻿inconclusive.﻿Contrarily,﻿consumers﻿have﻿overcome﻿ many﻿fears﻿due﻿to﻿the﻿usefulness,﻿indispensability,﻿high﻿security﻿features,﻿and﻿effort﻿expended﻿in﻿the﻿ use﻿of﻿financial﻿services﻿delivered﻿through﻿m-banking.﻿Perceived﻿risk’s﻿(PR)﻿direct﻿influence﻿was﻿ found﻿to﻿be﻿generally﻿weak.﻿However,﻿PR﻿plays﻿a﻿major﻿role﻿in﻿the﻿pre-adoption﻿process﻿because﻿ it’s﻿weak﻿and﻿direct﻿ inhibiting﻿influence﻿become﻿an﻿“enhancer”﻿in﻿the﻿association﻿between﻿effort﻿ expectancy﻿(EE)﻿and﻿the﻿three﻿key﻿TAM/UTAUT﻿constructs﻿[performance﻿expectancy﻿(PE),﻿attitude﻿ (ATT),﻿and﻿adoption﻿intention﻿(INT)].﻿Most﻿importantly,﻿the﻿role﻿of﻿EE﻿as﻿a﻿strong﻿driver﻿of﻿PE,﻿ ATT,﻿INT,﻿and﻿its﻿significant﻿interaction﻿with﻿PR﻿highlights﻿the﻿unique﻿role﻿that﻿both﻿risk﻿and﻿EE﻿ play﻿in﻿the﻿adoption﻿process.


Assessment of the Structural Model
We estimated and evaluated the structural model by performing bootstrapping in SmartPLS3 application.Tables6and7showstheresultsofthestructuralmodel.
Sixth, the adoption and use of innovative and more convenient banking channels, including m-bankingservicesandtechnology,suchasdownloadableapplications,inseveralcountrieswill probablyprecipitateincreaseduseoftheseservicesandtechnologiesanddecreaseduseofphysical channels.Therefore,bankingcompaniesshouldchanneltheirtimeandmoneytowardimproving digitalchannelsecurityandeaseofuse.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Retail digital banking landscape

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Simple slope: Perceived risk as moderator between effort expectancy and performance expectancy

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Simple slope: Perceived risk as moderator between effort expectancy and adoption intention